Epileptics under control can pray, fast, and undertake hajj but have to take medication and avoid triggers of attacks.

DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS

Salat and hajj may be difficult in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Demented patients cannot be leaders in salat because of confabulation. Dementia that does not impair cognition does not exempt from salat, saum or hajj. Court testimony of elderly demented patients is evaluated in light memory and cognition. Since dementia is incipient, special tests of competence are needed before court testimony. Dementia is a reason for exclusion from leadership.

CENTRAL NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Head injury may be associated with paralysis, impaired consciousness, or loss of sensation affecting salat and hajj obligations. Brain tumors affect salat, hajj, marriage contracts, and judicial proceedings depending on the severity. Mental clouding from brain infection affects salat, saum, hajj, and witnessing in court. Spinal cord injuries may lead to quadriplegia and paraplegia that limit movements in salat. Tawaaf is undertaken on a vehicle.

PERIPHERAL NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Disease such as myasthenia gravis limits salat movements and may make hajj difficult. Pain from neuropathies may be increased during salat movements necessitating limiting the movements.

OTHERS

Aphasia and dysphasia affect conclusion of marriage contracts, witnessing in courts of law, and public leadership duties. Vestibular disturbances necessitate support to stand in salat and tawaaf.